Facet Joint

What is a facet joint?

Facet joints are located on the back of the spine on each side of the vertebra, and they overlap the vertebra under them. The real name is the zygapophysial joint, which is also called the “Z” joint. These joints provide stability to the spine, and also allow the spine to bend and rotate as well as keep the back from slipping forward. There is a thin layer of cartilage between the two joint surfaces to provide smooth and efficient movements.

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There are two facet joints at each spinal level. The facet joint itself is made up of two flat surfaces, which are lined with articular cartilage. The whole area is also supported by a fibrous capsule.

The integrity of the joint is closely related to the condition of the intervertebral disc. When the disc starts to deteriorate, the spinal load will increase on the facet joints, and they may become arthritic, enlarged, and painful.

Facet Joint Presentation